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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 360-368.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00135

• • 上一篇    

沙漠地区光伏电站典型格状沙障防风固沙综合效益评估

猛克1(), 蒙仲举2()   

  1. 1.加州大学圣地亚哥分校,美国 拉霍亚 92122
    2.内蒙古农业大学 沙漠治理学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-21 修回日期:2025-09-01 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 蒙仲举
  • 作者简介:猛克(1997—),男,内蒙古呼和浩特人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为生态经济。E-mail: kemeng0928@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    沙区光伏电站低成本可降解沙障流沙固定技术研究(HNKJ24-H116)

Comprehensive benefit assessment of typical grid sand barriers for wind prevention and sand fixation in desert-area photovoltaic power stations

Ke Meng1(), Zhongju Meng2()   

  1. 1.University of California,La Jolla 92122,San Diego,USA
    2.College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China
  • Received:2025-07-21 Revised:2025-09-01 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-09-27
  • Contact: Zhongju Meng

摘要:

在沙漠地区大规模建设光伏电站,光伏板下区域常因地表扰动与风场变化发生次生风蚀与积沙问题,严重影响生态恢复与工程运维安全。为探究不同类型机械沙障在光伏场区内的防风固沙效益,本研究以库布齐沙漠光伏电站为试验区,选取草方格、可降解聚乳酸(PLA)和高密度聚乙烯纱网(纱网)3类典型格状沙障,分析不同风速条件下的近地风速廓线、地表粗糙度及摩阻流速,系统评估沙障类型对风速调控及地表稳定性的影响。结果表明:(1)3种沙障在0~20 cm近地层均显著削弱风速,其中纱网沙障在10 cm高度处防风效能最好,高达50%;(2)沙障铺设显著提高了地表粗糙度,增强了风速剪切阻力,其中草方格沙障表现更为明显;(3)各类沙障均能有效提升摩阻流速,在7.85~12.03 m·s-1风速条件下平均提升幅度在30%~68%;(4)200 MW光伏电站内铺设沙障措施可使平均年发电损失率降低到2.9%,3种沙障措施下的板面清洗费用年平均减少9.73万元。经济性评估表明,草方格沙障具备成本低、材料来源广泛的优势,纱网沙障则兼具高效减风与耐久性,PLA沙障凭借其良好的贴地性能,固沙效果突出。

关键词: 库布齐沙漠, 光伏电站, 风蚀, 机械沙障, 经济效益

Abstract:

During the large-scale construction of photovoltaic (PV) power stations in desert regions, the areas beneath the panels often experience secondary wind erosion and sand accumulation due to ground surface disturbance and altered wind flow patterns. These issues seriously threaten ecological recovery and the safety of operational maintenance. To evaluate the windbreak and sand-stabilizing effects of different types of mechanical sand barriers in PV fields, this study selected three typical sand barriers, straw checkerboard, degradable polylactic acid (PLA), and high-density polyethylene (mesh), within a PV power station located in the Hobq Desert as the experimental site. The wind speed profile near the surface, surface roughness, and friction velocity under varying wind conditions were analyzed to systematically examine the influence of sand barrier type on wind speed modulation and surface stability. The results indicated that: (1) All three types of sand barriers significantly reduced wind speed within the 0-20 cm near-surface layer, with the mesh barrier showing the highest wind reduction efficiency up to 50% at the 10 cm height. (2) The installation of sand barriers markedly increased surface roughness and enhanced wind speed shear resistance, with the straw checkerboard demonstrating particularly notable effects. (3) All sand barriers effectively increased the friction velocity, with an average improvement ranging from 30% to 68% under wind speeds between 7.85 m·s-1 and 12.03 m·s-1. (4) Implementing sand barrier measures in the 200 MW PV power station reduced the average annual power generation loss rate to 2.9%. Furthermore, the annual panel cleaning costs were reduced by an average of ¥97 300 with the installation of the three types of sand barriers. Economic evaluation revealed that straw checkerboard barriers offer advantages such as low cost and wide material availability, whereas mesh barriers combine high wind reduction efficiency with durability. PLA barriers exhibited exceptional sand-fixing performance owing to their superior ground conformity. The findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for controlling secondary wind-sand hazards in PV power stations situated in sandy areas.

Key words: Hobq Desert, photovoltaic power station, wind erosion, mechanical sand barriers, economic benefits

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